Case studies are how you turn a hazard claim into a defensible one. "Tōhoku was bad" doesn't earn a high T/T band on the rubric. "Tōhoku showed that seawalls sized for expected events fail at actual M9 run-up heights" does. Read the entry, pick the specific evidence, cite it.
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Kobe (Great Hanshin), Japan, 17 January 1995
M6.9 strike-slip beneath the city. 6,000+ dead. Why "earthquake-resistant" codes failed.
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Bhuj / Gujarat, India, 26 January 2001
M7.7 intraplate quake. 20,000+ dead. The case for building-code enforcement.
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Sumatra-Andaman, Indonesia, 26 December 2004
M9.1 megathrust + Indian Ocean tsunami. ~230,000 dead. Why early warning has to exist BEFORE the disaster.
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Tangshan, China, 28 July 1976
M7.6 intraplate. Official 240,000+ dead. The price of unprepared cities.
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Pinatubo, Philippines, 15 June 1991
VEI 6 eruption. ~800 dead, but tens of thousands saved by acting on early warnings.
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Merapi, Indonesia, 2010
Pyroclastic flows to 17 km. ~350 dead. The hard question is convincing people to leave.
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Pompeii & Herculaneum, Italy: 24 August 79 CE
Vesuvius. The case for volcanology itself, without the science, communities can't classify their hazards.
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Seward & Anchorage, Alaska, USA, 27 March 1964
M9.2: second-largest quake ever recorded. The canonical case for liquefaction and lateral spreading.